The incoming
loyalists both expanded local markets and provided labor for
's expanding operations. Gray, Leonard Tilley, and George King. Wallace, Laurentian University
Canada's oldest city is Saint John, New Brunswick, enthusiastic Governor Thomas
on May 18 and Carleton on May 15
Colonial
Office accepted reluctantly. it lasted until the end of the century that
rival Halifax began to establish clear dominance. Wilmot, J. Promoters such as Robert Jardine, John Robertson, and Richard
Wright envisioned their city as a profitable clearinghouse for both
east-west and north-south traffic on the Euro-North American
and intercolonial railroads. The city also names Champlain as its discoverer (June 2
, 160
), General Robert Monckton as the British Liberator (September 20, 1758),
and the title of "Loyal City" in honor of its former
inhabitants. After 1815
entrepreneurial leadership passed to a few energetic Scottish
builders who had recently moved to the area and established vital transatlantic trade, usually with relatives in Britain, although contacts in the Caribbean, South Africa and Australia
became more frequent.
By the mid-1870s, Saint John had rail connections with both
Central Canada and New England, but steamships made its
sailing ships obsolete, and the railroads, instead of increasing the market, destroyed local manufacturers by undermining competition. During the
Revolutionary War, the Americans and the French and their descendants supplied the
British Navy with masts, ships and equipment,
12
13
which created the economic foundation on which the city was to grow.
